What is a pneumothorax?

A pneumothorax refers specifically to the accumulation of air in the pleural space, leading to a potential collapse of the lung. The pleural space is the thin fluid-filled gap between the two pleurae, which are membranes surrounding the lungs. When air enters this space, it disrupts the negative pressure that is normally present, which is necessary for the lungs to remain fully inflated. This condition can result in a partial or complete collapse of the affected lung, causing difficulty in breathing and chest pain.

Understanding the mechanisms behind a pneumothorax is important for recognizing its symptoms and the necessary medical interventions. For instance, the presence of air in the pleural cavity could arise from a variety of causes, including trauma, certain medical procedures, or underlying lung diseases. Being able to identify a pneumothorax correctly is crucial for timely treatment, as it can be a life-threatening condition if not addressed promptly.